Oil was formed from the remains of animals and plants (diatoms) that lived millions of years ago in a marine (water) environment before the dinosaurs. Over millions of years, the remains of these animals and plants were covered by layers of sand and silt. Heat and pressure from these layers helped the remains turn into what we today call crude oil. The word "petroleum" means "rock oil" or "oil from the earth."
Crude oil is a smelly, yellow-to-black liquid and is usually found in underground areas called reservoirs. Scientists and engineers explore a chosen area by studying rock samples from the earth. Measurements are taken, and, if the site seems promising, drilling begins. Above the hole, a structure called a 'derrick' is built to house the tools and pipes going into the well. When finished, the drilled well will bring a steady flow of oil to the surface.
•Saudi Arabia has the world's largest oil reserves and is the world's largest oil exporter . Oil accounts for more than 90% of exports and nearly 75% of government revenues, facilitating the creation of a welfare state . However, human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly expressed concern about the state of human rights in the country.
•Saudi Aramco (Arabic: ارامكو السعودية ) is the state-owned national oil company of Saudi Arabia. It is the world's most valuable company, estimated at 781 billion US$ in 2006, while more recent estimates of 2010 put its value in the range 2.2 trillion USD to 7 trillion USD. It is also the oil corporation with the largest proven crude oil reserves and production. Headquartered in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco also operates the world's largest single hydrocarbon network, the Master Gas System. It was known as just Aramco between the years of 1933-1988, an acronym for Arabian American Oil Company.
Crude oil is a smelly, yellow-to-black liquid and is usually found in underground areas called reservoirs. Scientists and engineers explore a chosen area by studying rock samples from the earth. Measurements are taken, and, if the site seems promising, drilling begins. Above the hole, a structure called a 'derrick' is built to house the tools and pipes going into the well. When finished, the drilled well will bring a steady flow of oil to the surface.
•Saudi Arabia has the world's largest oil reserves and is the world's largest oil exporter . Oil accounts for more than 90% of exports and nearly 75% of government revenues, facilitating the creation of a welfare state . However, human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly expressed concern about the state of human rights in the country.
•Saudi Aramco (Arabic: ارامكو السعودية ) is the state-owned national oil company of Saudi Arabia. It is the world's most valuable company, estimated at 781 billion US$ in 2006, while more recent estimates of 2010 put its value in the range 2.2 trillion USD to 7 trillion USD. It is also the oil corporation with the largest proven crude oil reserves and production. Headquartered in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco also operates the world's largest single hydrocarbon network, the Master Gas System. It was known as just Aramco between the years of 1933-1988, an acronym for Arabian American Oil Company.
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